Showing posts with label pseudoscience. Show all posts
Showing posts with label pseudoscience. Show all posts

Criticism of Transcendental Meditation: Overview






SKEPTICS: "Transcendental Meditation is not really scientifically validated."

FACTS:
• Over 350 research studies on TM published in peer-reviewed medical and scientific journals.
• All major findings replicated.
• Studies done at 250 independent institutions and medical schools worldwide.
• 50 randomized controlled trials.
• $26 million in National Institutes of Health/U.S. Government grants awarded over the past 20 years for scientists to continue researching the TM technique.
• Please see a review of the research here.


SKEPTICS: "The research was done only by 'TM' scientists.”

FACTS:
• 360 scientists in 30 countries have conducted research on the TM technique.
• The vast majority were not affiliated with the TM program.
• Quality of research on TM praised by independent scientists

SKEPTICS: "The TM program is a for-profit business."

FACTS:
• It’s a non-profit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) educational organization.
• All course fees go to support teaching activities—including the subsidizing of meditation courses in inner cities, on Native American reservations, for impoverished students in developing nations, and programs for the homeless—all of whom can learn the TM technique free of charge.
• No individual or organization has ever made a lucrative profit from teaching the TM technique—there are no highly paid share holders, no kickbacks—only modest salaries paid to organization employees. All non-profit financial records are public access.
• For anyone wishing to learn who cannot afford the full tuition, the TM organization offers special reduced fees, grants, scholarships, work-study programs and other financial aid options.

SKEPTICS:
"Practicing the TM technique is no different from just relaxing."

FACTS:
• Numerous physiological studies have confirmed a unique state of restful alertness not found during ordinary relaxation.
• Neuroscience shows unique brain patterns—increased alpha power and high EEG coherence in the brain's frontal cortex, as well as intra-hemispheric synchrony and integration of the frontal and occipital regions—distinguishing TM practice from ordinary relaxation and other meditations.
• A wide parameter of physiological markers shows relaxation much deeper than eyes-closed rest or other relaxation techniques.

SKEPTICS: "All meditation practices are the same and other techniques produce the same effects as TM.”

FACTS:
• The variety of meditation practices engage the mind in different ways, have various aims and produce different results.
• Neuroscientists have discovered that different meditation techniques produce markedly different effects on brain function.
• According to research studies, only the meditative state associated with TM practice has been found to consistently produce high levels of EEG alpha coherence throughout the brain—indicating growth of more efficient, integrated brain functioning and improved mental performance.
• Comparative research studies and meta-analyses show that other meditation practices have not been found to produce the same effects as the TM technique for providing deep rest, reducing anxiety, lowering high blood pressure, promoting self-actualization and various other benefits.

SKEPTICS: "You shouldn't have to pay to learn meditation."

FACTS:
• Learning the TM technique requires a 10-12-hour course taught by a professional, certified teacher.
• The TM course tuition pays for this non-profit, educational service.
• The TM program offers lifelong follow-up and support as needed at no further cost—consisting of one-on-one guidance and ongoing classes.
• Other meditation practices may cost less or nothing because they are not as time-intensive for the teacher—or require no teacher at all. The authentic TM technique can be properly learned only from a certified TM instructor, and cannot be learned from a book, CD, or other less formal methods.

SKEPTICS: "It's a religion disguised as a science."

FACTS:
• TM practice is secular and not faith-based—it's a technique for direct experience.
• There is no TM-related belief system or dogma that one is urged to accept when learning the TM technique—or anytime afterward.
• It's practiced by people of all religions and no religion.
• TM is scientific because every principle associated with the practice is verifiable by direct experience and scientific research.

SKEPTICS: "It's a form of Hinduism."

FACTS:
• The TM technique comes from the ancient Vedic tradition of India—a tradition that includes systematic, testable knowledge about consciousness, meditation, health and other areas.
• Just as yoga is practiced by people of all religions in a non-conflicting, secular context, TM practice is universal and non-religious.
• According to Vedic and Sanskrit scholars, mantras such as those used in TM practice are not "names of deities" as sometimes claimed by anti-meditation advocates. Even if certain people were to ascribe religious context to particular mantras, that would be irrelevant to TM practice, which uses specific mantras or sounds in an innocent, natural way devoid of meaning. In fact, that the mantras not be associated with meaning is fundamental to the effectiveness of the TM technique.
• Maharishi, known by many as a "scientist of consciousness," revived the TM technique, which had been long lost to society even in India, and established it as a secular, scientific practice free of religious trappings. He identified the universal, scientific elements of this technique—previously shrouded in mysticism—and demonstrated its unique, practical benefits for people of all cultures and religions.

Scientists on Transcendental Meditation research

Comments about scientific research on the Transcendental Meditation program by non-meditating scientists:

"If TM were a new drug conferring this many benefits, it would be the biggest, multi-billion-dollar block-buster drug on the market."

—Norman E. Rosenthal, MD, Bestselling author and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Georgetown University School of Medicine, 20-year Senior Researcher at the National Institutes of Health


"If you're on medication for cholesterol, we hope you can get 30 milliliters lower. But this happened through Transcendental Meditation alone... This stunning impact—unimaginable."

—Mehmet Oz, MD, Television Host and Professor of Surgery, Columbia University School of Medicine


"This is an area of scientific research that’s here to stay."


“Over the past 10 years the editors and reviewers of the International Journal of Neuroscience (IJN) have accepted several papers on Transcendental Meditation because they have met the rigorous standards of scientific publication. IJN is honored to have two Nobel laureates on its editorial board, and has a distinguished group of scientists from leading universities on every continent who judge the scientific value of the papers submitted for consideration. Not once have these scientists ever questioned the integrity or scientific validity of the papers on Transcendental Meditation. The fact that the articles on Transcendental Meditation continue to appear in large numbers in reputable journals in addition to IJN demonstrates, at least to me, that this is an area of scientific research that’s here to stay. Any review of Transcendental Meditation literature which overlooks these publications smacks of scientific censorship. Perhaps such reviewers would find it instructive to read about the Galileo affair."

—Dr. Sidney Weinstein, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Neuroscience (IJN)


Research on the sociological effects of the Transcendental Meditation program (The Maharishi Effect)

“I have been following the research on peace-creating groups as it has developed over the last twenty years. There is now a strong and consistent body of evidence showing that this innovative approach provides a simple and cost-effective solution to many of the social problems we face today. In my view, this research is so strong that it demands action from those responsible for government policy.”


—Huw Dixon, Ph.D Professor of Economics, York University, England



“I think the claim can be plausibly made that the potential impact of this research exceeds that of any other ongoing social or psychological research program. It has survived a broader array of statistical tests than most research in the field of conflict resolution.This work and the theory that informs it deserve the most serious consideration by academics and policy makers alike.”


—David Edwards, PhD Professor of Government University of Texas (Austin)



“In the studies that I hae examined, I can find no methodological flaws, and the findings have been consistent across a large number of replications. As unlikely as the premise may sound, I think we have to take these studies seriously.”


—Ted Robert Gurr, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Government and Politics University of Maryland



“When you can statistically control for as many variables as these studies do, it makes the results much more convincing.”


—Raymond Russ, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology, University of Maine; Editor, Journal of Mind and Behavior

Popular Posts